I-PU sisishunqulelo se-polyurethane ngesiNgesi, kwaye igama lekhemikhali ngesiTshayina ngu "polyurethane". Isikhumba sePU lulusu olwenziwe ngepolyurethane. Isetyenziswa kakhulu ekuhombiseni iingxowa, iimpahla, izihlangu, izithuthi kunye nefenitshala. Iye yaqatshelwa ngokwandayo yimarike. Uluhlu lwayo olubanzi lwezicelo, ubuninzi obukhulu kunye neentlobo azikwazi ukwaneliseka ngesikhumba sendalo yendalo. Umgangatho we-PU wethwathwa nawo uyahluka, kwaye ufele olulungileyo lwePU lungcono nangaphezu kwesikhumba sokwenyani.
E-China, abantu bajwayele ukubiza isikhumba sokwenziwa esiveliswe nge-PU resin njengento eluhlaza ye-PU yesikhumba sokufakelwa (i-PU yesikhumba emfutshane); Isikhumba sokwenziwa esiveliswe nge-PU resin kunye namalaphu angalukwanga njengemathiriyeli ekrwada ibizwa ngokuba yi-PU yesikhumba sokwenziwa (isikhumba sokwenziwa ngokufutshane). Kuyinto yesiko ukubhekisela ngokudibeneyo kwiintlobo ezintathu zesikhumba ezingentla njengesikhumba sokwenziwa.
Isikhumba sokwenziwa kunye nesikhumba sokwenziwa yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yoshishino lweplastiki kwaye lusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kumashishini ahlukeneyo oqoqosho lwelizwe. Ukuveliswa kwesikhumba sokwenziwa kunye nesikhumba sokwenziwa kunembali engaphezu kweminyaka engama-60 yophuhliso kwihlabathi. I-China yaqala ukuphuhlisa nokuvelisa ufele olwenziwe ngo-1958. Lishishini elaphuhliswa ngaphambili kwishishini leplastiki laseTshayina. Uphuhliso lwemveliso yesikhumba eyenziweyo yaseTshayina kunye nemveliso yesikhumba eyenziweyo ayikona nje ukukhula kwemigca yemveliso yezixhobo zamashishini okuvelisa, imveliso yemveliso iyanda unyaka nonyaka, kunye neentlobo kunye nemibala ekhulayo unyaka nonyaka, kodwa inkqubo yophuhliso loshishino inombutho wayo woshishino. , enobumbano olubonakalayo, ukuze isikhumba sokwenziwa saseTshayina sibe , iinkampani zesikhumba zokwenziwa, ezibandakanya amashishini anxulumeneyo, ziququzelele kunye kwaye zaphuhliswa kwishishini elinamandla amakhulu.
Ukulandela i-PVC yesikhumba eyenziweyo, i-PU yesikhumba eyenziweyo iphumelele inkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji njengendawo efanelekileyo yesikhumba sendalo emva kweminyaka engaphezu kwama-30 yophando olunzima kunye nophuhliso ziingcali zesayensi kunye netekhnoloji.
Ukwaleka kwePU kumphezulu wamalaphu kwaqala ukuvela kwimarike ngeminyaka yee-1950. Ngomnyaka ka-1964, iNkampani yeDuPont yaseMelika yenza iPU yesikhumba eyenziweyo kwizihlangu eziphezulu. Emva kokuba inkampani yaseJapan iseke umgca wemveliso kunye nesiphumo sonyaka se-600,000 square metres, emva kweminyaka engaphezu kwe-20 yophando oluqhubekayo kunye nophuhliso, i-PU yesikhumba yokwenziwa ikhule ngokukhawuleza ngokomgangatho wemveliso, iindidi kunye nemveliso. Ukusebenza kwayo kuya kusondela ngakumbi kwisikhumba sendalo, kwaye ezinye iimpawu zide zigqithise ufele lwendalo, zifikelela kwinqanaba apho kunzima khona ukwahlula phakathi kwesikhumba sokwenyani kunye nesomgunyathi. Inesikhundla esibaluleke kakhulu kubomi bemihla ngemihla bomntu.
Namhlanje, iJapan ngoyena mvelisi mkhulu wesikhumba sokwenziwa. Iimveliso zeKuraray, Teijin, Toray, Zhongbo kunye nezinye iinkampani ngokusisiseko zimele inqanaba lophuhliso lwamazwe ngamazwe kwi-1990s. I-fiber yayo kunye nokuveliswa kwelaphu elingalukiweyo liphuhlisa kwicala le-ultra-fine, ubuninzi obuphezulu kunye neziphumo eziphezulu ezingalukwanga; ukuveliswa kwayo kwe-PU kuphuhliswa kwicala le-PU dispersion kunye ne-PU emulsion yamanzi, kunye neendawo zokusetyenziswa kwemveliso zihlala zisanda, ziqala kwizihlangu kunye neengxowa ezibandakanya zonke iinkalo zobomi babantu bemihla ngemihla.
Isikhumba sokwenziwa sesona sithathe indawo yamalaphu ethwathwa aqalwayo. Yenziwe ngePVC kunye neeplasticizers kunye nezinye izongezo, i-calendered kwaye idityaniswe kwilaphu. Izibonelelo zitshiphu, imibala etyebileyo kunye neepateni ezahlukeneyo. Ukungalungi kukuba lukhuni lula kwaye Yiba brittle. I-PU yesikhumba eyenziweyo isetyenziselwa ukubuyisela i-PVC yesikhumba sokwenziwa, kwaye ixabiso layo liphezulu kune-PVC yesikhumba sokwenziwa. Ngokumalunga nokwakheka kweekhemikhali, isondele kwiimpahla zesikhumba. Ayisebenzisi i-plasticizers ukufezekisa iipropathi ezithambileyo, ngoko ayiyi kuba nzima okanye i-brittle. Kananjalo ineengenelo zemibala etyebileyo kunye neepateni ezahlukeneyo, kwaye inexabiso eliphantsi kunamalaphu esikhumba. Ngoko ke yamkelwa ngabathengi.
Kukwakho nePU enethwathwa. Ngokubanzi, icala elingasemva luluhlu lwesibini lwesikhumba senkomo, kwaye umaleko we-PU resin ugqunywe phezulu, ngoko ikwabizwa ngokuba yifilimu yenkomo. Ixabiso layo liphantsi kwaye izinga lokusetyenziswa liphezulu. Ngotshintsho kubuchwepheshe, iye yenziwa yaziindidi ngeendidi, njengesikhumba senkomo esiphuma kwamanye amazwe. Ngenxa yetekhnoloji yayo ekhethekileyo, umgangatho ozinzile, kunye neentlobo zenoveli, yisikhumba somgangatho ophezulu, kwaye ixabiso kunye nebakala alikho ngaphantsi kwesikhumba sokwenyani sokuqala. Iingxowa ze-PU zesikhumba kunye neengxowa zesikhumba zangempela zineempawu zazo. Iingxowa zesikhumba zePU zinenkangeleko entle, kulula ukuzihoya, kwaye azibizi mali ininzi, kodwa azixhathisi kwaye kulula ukuziqhawula. Iingxowa zesikhumba zokwenyani zibiza imali eninzi kwaye kunzima ukuzinyamekela, kodwa ziyahlala ixesha elide.
Kukho iindlela ezimbini zokwahlula amalaphu esikhumba kwi-PVC eyenziwe ngesikhumba kunye ne-PU ye-synthetic yesikhumba: enye i-softness kunye nokuqina kwesikhumba, isikhumba sangempela sithambile kwaye i-PU inzima, ngoko i-PU isetyenziswa kakhulu kwizihlangu zesikhumba; enye kukusetyenziswa kokutshisa nokunyibilika Indlela yokwahlula kukuthatha ilaphu elincinci ulibeke emlilweni. Ilaphu lesikhumba aliyi kunyibilika, kodwa i-PVC yesikhumba eyenziweyo kunye ne-PU ye-synthetic yesikhumba iya kunyibilika.
Umahluko phakathi kwesikhumba esenziwe ngePVC kunye ne-PU yesikhumba sokwenziwa unokwahlulwa ngokuyifunxa kwipetroli. Indlela kukusebenzisa ilaphu elincinane, ulifake kwipetroli kangangesiqingatha seyure, uze ulikhuphe. Ukuba i-PVC yesikhumba eyenziweyo, iya kuba lukhuni kwaye ibe brittle. Isikhumba sokwenziwa kwePU asiyi kuba nzima okanye sibe brittle.
umngeni
Isikhumba sendalo sisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwimveliso yezinto eziyimfuneko zemihla ngemihla kunye neemveliso zoshishino ngenxa yeempawu zayo zendalo ezibalaseleyo. Nangona kunjalo, ngokukhula kwabemi behlabathi, imfuno yabantu yesikhumba iye yaphindaphindeka kabini, kwaye isixa esilinganiselweyo sesikhumba sendalo asinakukwazi ukuhlangabezana nale mfuno. Ukuze kulungiswe oku kuphikisana, izazinzulu zaqala ukuphanda kunye nokuphuhlisa isikhumba sokwenziwa kunye nesikhumba sokwenziwa kumashumi eminyaka eyadlulayo ukwenza ukusilela kwesikhumba sendalo. Imbali yophando engaphezulu kweminyaka engama-50 yinkqubo yesikhumba sokwenziwa kunye nesikhumba sokwenziwa esicela umngeni ngesikhumba sendalo.
Iingcali zenzululwazi ziqale ngokufunda kunye nokuhlalutya ukwakheka kweekhemikhali kunye nesakhiwo sombutho wesikhumba sendalo, ukuqala kwi-nitrocellulose ivanishi, kwaye emva koko yadlulela kwi-PVC yesikhumba eyenziweyo, esiyimveliso yesizukulwana sokuqala sesikhumba sokwenziwa. Ngesi siseko, izazinzulu zenze uphuculo oluninzi kunye nokuhlola, okokuqala ukuphuculwa kwezinto ezisisiseko, kwaye emva koko ukuguqulwa kunye nokuphuculwa kwe-resin yokugqoka. Ngeminyaka yoo-1970s, amalaphu efayibha angalukwanga aphuhlisa iinkqubo ezinje ngokuhlatywa kwenaliti kunye nokudityaniswa, nto leyo eyanika isiseko sesiseko secandelo elinqamlezayo lengcambu yelotus kunye nokumila kwefiber ehollow, ukufezekisa ubume obunomqolo obuhambelana nobume bemesh yendalo. ngethwathwa. Iimfuno: Umaleko ongaphezulu wesikhumba sokwenziwa ngelo xesha wawunokuba sele unomaleko we-polyurethane kunye nesakhiwo sepore esicolekileyo, esasilingana nomphezulu wenkozo wesikhumba sendalo, ukuze imbonakalo kunye nesakhiwo sangaphakathi se-PU yesikhumba sokwenziwa sasisondele ngokuthe ngcembe kuloo nto. yesikhumba sendalo, kunye nezinye iimpawu ezibonakalayo zazikufutshane nezo zesikhumba sendalo. isalathisi, kwaye umbala ugqamile kunesikhumba sendalo; ukumelana kwayo nokusonga kwiqondo lobushushu begumbi kunokufikelela ngaphezu kwesigidi esi-1 samaxesha, kwaye ukumelana kwayo nokusonga kubushushu obuphantsi kunokufikelela kwinqanaba lesikhumba sendalo.
Ukuvela kwe-microfiber PU yesikhumba sokwenziwa sisizukulwana sesithathu sesikhumba sokwenziwa. Ilaphu elingalukwanga kunye nenethiwekhi yesakhiwo sesithathu-dimensional yenza iimeko zesikhumba sokwenziwa ukubamba kunye nesikhumba sendalo ngokwezinto ezisisiseko. Le mveliso idibanisa itekhnoloji esanda kuphuhliswa yokufakwa koludaka lwe-PU kunye nomgangatho odibeneyo kunye nesakhiwo esivulekileyo sokusebenzisa indawo enkulu kunye nokufunxwa kwamanzi okunamandla kwimicu ye-ultra-fine, isenza i-Ultra-fine PU synthetic isikhumba sibe neempawu I-bundled Ultra-fine Fine Fine Isikhumba sendalo se-Collagen sineempawu ze-hygroscopic, ngoko sinokuthelekiseka ne-high-grade yesikhumba sendalo ngokumalunga ne-microstructure yangaphakathi, ukuthungwa kwenkangeleko, iipropati zomzimba kunye nokunxiba kwabantu ukukhululeka. Ukongeza, i-microfiber synthetic yesikhumba idlula ufele lwendalo ngokwemiqathango yokuxhathisa imichiza, ukufana komgangatho, ukuguquguquka kwimveliso yobuninzi kunye nokucutshungulwa, ukuthintela amanzi, kunye nokuchasana nokungunda kunye nokonakala.
Ukuziqhelanisa kubonise ukuba iimpawu ezintle zesikhumba sokwenziwa azikwazi ukutshintshwa ngesikhumba sendalo. Ukusuka kuhlalutyo lweemarike zasekhaya nezangaphandle, ufele lwenziweyo luye lwathatha indawo yesikhumba sendalo ngobutyebi obungonelanga. Ukusetyenziswa kwesikhumba sokwenziwa kunye nesikhumba sokwenziwa ukuhombisa iingxowa, iimpahla, izihlangu, izithuthi kunye nefenitshala iye yaqatshelwa ngakumbi yimarike. Uluhlu lwayo olubanzi lwezicelo, ubuninzi obukhulu kunye neentlobo azikwazi ukwaneliseka ngesikhumba sendalo yendalo.
Indlela yokuCoca ye-PU yesikhumba eyenziweyo:
1. Coca ngamanzi kunye nesepha, kuphephe ukukhuhla ngepetroli.
2.Musa ukomisa ucoceko
3. Inokuhlamba kuphela ngamanzi, kwaye ubushushu bokuhlamba abukwazi ukudlula ama-40 degrees.
4.Musa ukuveza ukukhanya kwelanga
5. Musa ukudibana nezinye izinyibilikisi eziphilayo
6. Iibhatyi zesikhumba zePU kufuneka zixhonywe kwiingxowa kwaye azikwazi ukugotywa.
Ixesha lokuposa: May-11-2024