Imvelaphi yeMbali kunye neeNkcazo eziSisiseko: Iindlela ezimbini ezahlukeneyo zeTekhnoloji
Ukuqonda umahluko phakathi kwezi zimbini, kufuneka kuqala silandele umkhondo wembali yophuhliso, emisela ingqiqo yabo yetekhnoloji.
1. Isikhumba sePVC: Uvulindlela weSynthetic Leather
Imbali yesikhumba yePVC yaqala ngenkulungwane ye-19. I-Polyvinyl chloride (PVC), imathiriyeli yepolymer, yafunyanwa kwangoko ngo-1835 ngusokhemisti waseFransi u-Henri Victor Regnault kwaye yenziwa yinkampani yaseJamani iGriesheim-Elektron ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20. Nangona kunjalo, usetyenziso lwayo lokwenyani ekuxeliseni ufele aluzange luqale de kwayiMfazwe Yehlabathi II.
Imfazwe ikhokelele ekunqongophelweni kwezixhobo zokusebenza, ngakumbi ufele lwendalo. Isikhumba sendalo sasinikezelwa kumkhosi, sishiya imarike yabemi iphelelwe kakhulu. Lo msantsa ubalulekileyo wemfuno ukhuthaze uphuhliso lwezinye iindlela. AmaJamani aba ngoovulindlela ekusebenziseni iPVC egqunywe kwisiseko selaphu, edala ufele lokuqala lwehlabathi olwenziweyo. Esi sixhobo, kunye nokuchasana kwamanzi okugqwesileyo, ukuqina, kunye nokucoceka okulula, ngokukhawuleza kwafumana isicelo kwiindawo ezifana nemithwalo kunye neentambo zezihlangu.
Ingcaciso esisiseko: Isikhumba se-PVC sisixhobo esifana nesikhumba esenziwe ngokutyabeka okanye ngokubeka ikhalenda umaleko womxube wentlaka efana ne-polyvinyl chloride, iiplasticizers, stabilizers, kunye ne-pigments kwi-substrate yelaphu (efana nelaphu elinithiweyo, elilukiweyo, nelingelukiweyo). Isixhobo ke siqhuba iinkqubo ezifana ne-gelation, igwebu, i-embossing, kunye nonyango lwangaphezulu. Undoqo wale nkqubo ulele ekusebenziseni i-polyvinyl chloride resin.
2. Isikhumba sePU: Umntu omtsha okufutshane neLeather eyiNqobo
Isikhumba sePU savela malunga namashumi amabini eminyaka emva kwePVC. I-Polyurethane (PU) chemistry yaqanjwa ngusokhemisti waseJamani u-Otto Bayer kunye noogxa bakhe ngo-1937 kwaye yaphuhliswa ngokukhawuleza emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II. Inkqubela phambili yeteknoloji yeekhemikhali kwiminyaka yee-1950 kunye ne-1960 yakhokelela ekuphuhlisweni kwesikhumba sokwenziwa kusetyenziswa i-polyurethane.
Itekhnoloji ye-PU yesikhumba yokwenziwa yafumana inkqubela ekhawulezileyo eJapan naseSouth Korea ngeminyaka yoo-1970. Ngokukodwa, iinkampani zaseJapan zenze amalaphu e-microfiber (efinyeziweyo njenge "microfiber leather") kunye ne-microstructure efana ngokusondeleyo nesikhumba sokwenyani. Ukudibanisa oku kunye nokufakwa kwe-polyurethane kunye neenkqubo zokugquma, baye bavelisa "i-microfiber PU yesikhumba," esebenza ngokusondeleyo efana nesikhumba sokwenyani kwaye iyayigqitha kwezinye izinto. Oku kuthathwa njengenguqu kwitekhnoloji yokwenziwa kwesikhumba.
Inkcazo eyiSiseko: I-PU yesikhumba yinto efana nesikhumba esenziwe kwisiseko sendwangu (eqhelekileyo okanye i-microfiber), ifakwe okanye ifakwe kwi-layer ye-polyurethane resin, elandelwa ukomisa, ukuqina, kunye nokuphathwa kwendawo. Undoqo wale nkqubo ulele ekusetyenzisweni kwe-polyurethane resin. I-PU resin yi-thermoplastic ngokwendalo, evumela ukusetyenzwa okuguquguqukayo kunye nokusebenza okuphezulu kwemveliso.
Isishwankathelo: Ngokwembali, isikhumba sePVC savela "njengobonelelo olungxamisekileyo ngexesha lemfazwe," ukusombulula umba wokufumaneka. Isikhumba se-PU, kwelinye icala, yimveliso yenkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji, ejolise ekujonganeni nomba womgangatho kunye nokulandela ukujonga okuphantse kufane kwesikhumba sokwenyani. Esi siseko sembali siye sanempembelelo enkulu kwiindlela zophuhliso ezilandelayo kunye neempawu zemveliso zombini.
II. Ukubunjwa kweMichiza engundoqo kunye neNkqubo yoMveliso: Ingcambu yoMahluko
Owona mahluko usisiseko phakathi kwezi zimbini ulele kwiinkqubo zabo ze-resin, ezithi, “njengekhowudi yofuzo,” zigqibe zonke iipropathi ezilandelayo.
1. Uthelekiso lokuBumba kweMichiza
I-PVC (I-Polyvinyl Chloride):
Icandelo eliphambili: Ipolyvinyl chloride resin powder. Le yipolar, i-amorphous polymer eqinile ngokwendalo kwaye intlama.
Izongezo eziphambili:
I-Plasticizer: Lo "ngumphefumlo" wesikhumba sePVC. Ukwenza kube bhetyebhetye kwaye kuqhutywe, ubuninzi beeplasticizers (ngokuqhelekileyo i-30% ukuya kwi-60% ubunzima) kufuneka bongezwe. IiPlastiki ziamolekyuli ezincinci ezizinzisa phakathi kwamatyathanga e-PVC macromolecule, zenza buthathaka amandla e-intermolecular kwaye ngaloo ndlela zinyusa ukuguquguquka kwezinto kunye neplastiki. Iiplastiki ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ziquka i-phthalates (efana ne-DOP kunye ne-DBP) kunye ne-plasticizers ehambelana nokusingqongileyo (njenge-DOTP kunye ne-citrate esters).
I-Heat Stabilizer: I-PVC ayizinzile kwaye ibola ngokukhawuleza ekuqhubeni amaqondo obushushu, ikhupha i-hydrogen chloride (HCl), ibangela ukuba izinto zibe tyheli kwaye zithobeke. Izinzisi ezifana neetyuwa ezikhokelayo kunye ne-calcium zinc ziyimfuneko ukuthintela ukubola. Okunye: Kukwabandakanya izinto zokuthambisa, izihluzi, ii-pigments, njl.
I-PU (Polyurethane):
Icandelo eliphambili: i-polyurethane resin. Yenziwe nge-polymerization reaction ye-polyisocyanates (efana ne-MDI, TDI) kunye ne-polyols (i-polyester polyols okanye i-polyether polyols). Ngokulungelelanisa ifomyula yezinto ezikrwada kunye nomlinganiselo, iimpawu zemveliso yokugqibela, ezinjengokuqina, ukuqina, kunye nokumelana nokunxiba, kunokulawulwa ngokuchanekileyo.
Iimpawu eziphambili: I-PU resin inokuthamba ngokwendalo kwaye i-elastic, ihlala ifuna ukuba akukho okanye kuncinci ukongezwa kweeplasticizers. Oku kwenza ukwakheka kwesikhumba sePU kube lula kwaye kuzinze ngakumbi.
Impembelelo eNgqo kuMahluko weMichiza: Ukuthembela kakhulu kwePVC kwiiplasticizers yingcambu yeentsilelo zayo ezininzi (ezifana nokuziva nzima, ukunyanzeliswa, kunye nokukhathazeka kokusingqongileyo). I-PU, kwelinye icala, "iyinjineli" ngokuthe ngqo ukuhambisa iipropathi ezifunwayo ngokusebenzisa i-chemical synthesis, isusa imfuno yezongezo ezincinci ze-molecule. Ngenxa yoko, ukusebenza kwayo kuphezulu kwaye kuzinzile.
2. Uthelekiso lweNkqubo yeMveliso
Inkqubo yokuvelisa ingundoqo ekufezekiseni ukusebenza kwayo. Nangona ezi nkqubo zimbini zifana, imigaqo engundoqo iyahluka. Inkqubo yePVC yemveliso yesikhumba (usebenzisa ukutyabeka njengomzekelo):
Izithako: I-PVC powder, i-plasticizer, i-stabilizer, i-pigment, njl. ixutywe kwi-mixer enesantya esiphezulu ukwenza intlama efanayo.
I-Coating: I-PVC yokunamathisela isetyenziswe ngokulinganayo kwilaphu lesiseko usebenzisa i-spatula.
I-Gelation / Plasticization: Izinto ezigqunyiweyo zingena kwi-oven ephezulu yokushisa (ngokuqhelekileyo i-170-200 ° C). Ngaphantsi kobushushu obuphezulu, i-PVC ye-resin particles ifunxa i-plasticizer kwaye inyibilike, yenze ifilimu eqhubekayo, iyunifomu yefilimu edibanisa ngokuqinileyo kwilaphu lesiseko. Le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba "i-gelation" okanye "iplastiki."
Unyango lwangaphezulu: Emva kokupholisa, izinto eziphathekayo zigqithiswa kwi-roller yokufaka i-embossing ukuze kunikwe iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zesikhumba (ezifana ne-lychee grain kunye ne-sheepskin grain). Okokugqibela, ukugqitywa komphezulu kusetyenziswa ngokwesiqhelo, njengokutshiza kwi-PU lacquer (oko kukuthi, i-PVC/PU yesikhumba ehlanganisiweyo) ukuphucula ukuziva kunye nokumelana nokunxiba, okanye ukuprinta kunye nemibala. Inkqubo yokuveliswa kwesikhumba yePU (usebenzisa iinkqubo ezimanzi nezomileyo njengemizekelo):
Inkqubo yemveliso ye-PU yesikhumba intsonkothile kwaye inobugocigoci, kwaye zimbini iindlela eziphambili:
Inkqubo yokomisa ngesikhumba sePU:
I-polyurethane resin inyibilika kwi-solvent efana ne-DMF (dimethylformamide) ukwenza i-slurry.
Emva koko i-slurry isetyenziswe kumgca wokukhulula (iphepha elikhethekileyo elinomgangatho owenziweyo).
Ukufudumeza kukhupha i-solvent, kubangela ukuba i-polyurethane iqine ibe yifilimu, yenze ipateni kwi-liner yokukhulula.
Elinye icala ke ngoko elaminethiweyo kwilaphu lesiseko. Emva kokuguga, i-liner yokukhulula iyahluthwa, ikhokelela kwi-PU yesikhumba enepateni ethambileyo.
Inkqubo emanzi yesikhumba yePU (esisiseko):
I-polyurethane resin slurry isetyenziswe ngokuthe ngqo kwilaphu lesiseko.
Ilaphu ke lintywiliselwe emanzini (i-DMF kunye namanzi axubene). Amanzi asebenza njenge-coagulant, ekhupha i-DMF kwi-slurry, ebangela ukuba i-polyurethane resin iqine kwaye iqhube. Ngexesha lale nkqubo, i-polyurethane yenza i-porous microsphere-efana ne-microsphere-efana ne-microsphere-ezaliswe yigesi, inika isikhumba esimanzi sokufuma kunye nokuphefumla okugqwesileyo, kunye nokuziva okuthambileyo kunye nokutyebileyo, okufana ngokuphawulekayo nesikhumba sokwenyani.
Imveliso yesikhumba esele igqitywe ngomanzi idla ngokuba nenkqubo eyomileyo yonyango olusemgangathweni.
Impembelelo eNgqongileyo yoMahluko weNkqubo: Isikhumba se-PVC senziwa ngokulula ngokubunjwa kokunyibilika komzimba, okukhokelela kwisakhiwo esixineneyo. Isikhumba se-PU, ngokukodwa ngenkqubo efakwe emanzini, iphuhlisa i-porous, isakhiwo sesiponji esidibeneyo. Eli lelona ncedo luphambili lobuchwephesha elenza ukuba iPU yesikhumba iphakame kakhulu kunePVC ngokuphefumla kunye nokuziva.
III. Uthelekiso lweNtsebenzo oluBanzi: Qinisekisa ngokucacileyo ukuba yeyiphi eNgcono
Ngenxa yeekhemistri ezahlukeneyo kunye neenkqubo zokuvelisa, i-PVC kunye ne-PU yesikhumba ibonisa umahluko omkhulu kwiipropati zabo zomzimba.
-Ukuziva kunye nokuthamba:
-Isikhumba sePU: Ithambile kwaye i-elastiki, ihambelana ngcono neegophe zomzimba, inika imvakalelo efana nesikhumba sokwenyani.
-Isikhumba sePVC: Iqinile kwaye ayinakunwebeka, iyaqhekeka ngokulula xa igobile, iyinika imvakalelo efana neplastiki. -Ukuphefumla kunye nokuGcina ukufuma:
-Isikhumba sePU: Inikezela ngokuphefumla okugqwesileyo kunye nokungena komswakama, ukugcina ulusu lomile xa unxitywa kunye nokusetyenziswa, ukunciphisa imvakalelo yokugcwala.
-Isikhumba sePVC: Inika ukuphefumla okulambathayo kunye nokungena kwamanzi, okunokubangela ukubila, ukufuma, kunye nokungonwabi emva kokusetyenziswa ixesha elide okanye ukunxitywa.
-Ukuqhawuka kunye nokuChasa ukusonga:
- Isikhumba sePU: Inikezela ngokugqwesa okugqwesileyo kunye nokuxhathisa ukusonga, ukumelana nenqanaba elithile lokukhuhlana kunye nokugoba, kwaye akukho lula ukunxiba okanye ukuqhekeka.
-Isikhumba sePVC: Inikezela ngokurhawuka kakubi kunye nokuxhathisa ukusonga, kwaye ithande ukunxiba kunye nokuqhekeka emva kokusetyenziswa kwexesha elide, ngakumbi kwiindawo eziphantsi kokusongwa rhoqo kunye nokukhuhlana.
-Ukunyangwa kweHydrolysis:
- Isikhumba se-PU: Inikezela ngoxhathiso olubi lwe-hydrolysis, ngakumbi i-polyester-based PU yesikhumba, ethandeka kwi-hydrolysis kwindawo efumileyo, ekhokelela ekuthotyweni kweempawu zemathiriyeli.
-Isikhumba sePVC: Inikezela ngoxhathiso olubalaseleyo lwe-hydrolysis, iguquguquka kakhulu kwindawo efumileyo, kwaye ayonakaliswa lula yi-hydrolysis. -Ukumelana nobushushu:
-Isikhumba sePU: Ithande ukunamathela kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu kwaye iqine kumaqondo aphantsi. Inovelwano kukuguquguquka kweqondo lobushushu kwaye inoluhlu oluncinci lobushushu bokusebenza.
- Isikhumba sePVC: Inokumelana nobushushu obungcono kwaye igcina ukusebenza ngokuzinzileyo kuluhlu olubanzi lobushushu, kodwa ikwanayo nomngcipheko wobuqhophololo kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi.
-Ukusebenza kokusingqongileyo:
-Isikhumba sePU: Inokonakala ngakumbi kunePVC yesikhumba. Ezinye iimveliso zinokuqulatha ixabiso elincinci leentsalela ze-solvent ye-organic, njenge-DMF, ngexesha lenkqubo yokuvelisa, kodwa ukusebenza kwayo kokusingqongileyo kulungile.
- Isikhumba sePVC: Ayinabungozi kangako kokusingqongileyo, ineklorini. Ezinye iimveliso zinokuqulatha izinto ezinobungozi ezifana neentsimbi ezinzima. Ngexesha lemveliso kunye nokusetyenziswa, inokukhupha iigesi ezinobungozi, ezinokuthi zibe neempembelelo ezithile kwindalo kunye nempilo yabantu.
Imbonakalo kunye noMbala
-Isikhumba sePU: Iza kwiindidi ezininzi zemibala eqaqambileyo, enozinzo oluhle lombala kwaye akukho lula ukubuna. Ubume bayo bomphezulu kunye nepateni yahlukile, kwaye inokuxelisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zesikhumba, ezifana nesikhumba senkomo kunye nesikhumba segusha, kwaye inokuthi yenziwe ngeepateni ezizodwa kunye noyilo ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zoyilo ezahlukeneyo. -Isikhumba sePVC: Ikwafumaneka kuluhlu olubanzi lwemibala, kodwa ingaphantsi kancinane kwi-PU yesikhumba ngokombala ocacileyo kunye nokuzinza. Ubume bayo bomphezulu bulula, bugudileyo okanye bune-embossing elula, okwenza kube nzima ukufezekisa inkangeleko eyinyani yesikhumba sePU.
Umsebenzi wobomi
- Isikhumba se-PU: Ubomi bayo ngokuqhelekileyo buyiminyaka emi-2-5, kuxhomekeke kwimo engqongileyo kunye nokuphindaphinda kokusetyenziswa. Ngokusetyenziswa okuqhelekileyo kunye nokugcinwa, iimveliso zesikhumba zePU zigcina inkangeleko yazo entle kunye nokusebenza kwazo.
- Isikhumba sePVC: Ubomi bayo bufutshane, ngokuqhelekileyo iminyaka eyi-2-3. Ngenxa yokuqina kwayo okungalunganga, ithanda ukuguga kunye nomonakalo ngokusetyenziswa rhoqo okanye iindawo ezisingqongileyo.
Iindleko kunye neXabiso
- PU yesikhumba: Ixabiso layo liphezulu kunePVC yesikhumba, malunga ne-30% -50% ephezulu. Ixabiso layo liyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwizinto ezifana nenkqubo yemveliso, umgangatho wezinto ezikrwada, kunye nophawu. Ngokubanzi, iimveliso zesikhumba zePU phakathi ukuya kwinqanaba eliphezulu zibiza kakhulu.
- Isikhumba sePVC: Ixabiso layo liphantsi, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe yenye yezona zifikelelekayo zofele zokwenziwa kwimarike. Inzuzo yayo yexabiso yenza ukuba isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwiimveliso ezingabizi kakhulu.
Isishwankathelo sokuSebenza:
Izibonelelo zesikhumba zePVC zibandakanya ukumelana nokunxiba okuphezulu, ubunzima obuphezulu, ixabiso eliphantsi kakhulu, kunye nenkqubo yemveliso elula. Yeyona "impahla esebenzayo" ebalaseleyo.
Izibonelelo ze-PU zesikhumba zibandakanya ukuziva okuthambileyo, ukuphefumla, ukungenwa komswakama, ukubanda kunye nokumelana nokuguga, iipropathi ezibalaseleyo zomzimba, kunye nobuhlobo bendalo. Yeyona "mathiriyeli yamava" egqwesileyo, egxile ekulinganiseni nasekugqithiseni iimpawu zeemvakalelo zesikhumba sokwenyani.
IV. Imeko yeSicelo: Umahluko ngokweNtsebenzo
Ngokusekwe kwezi mpawu zingasentla zokusebenza, ezi zimbini ngokwendalo zineendawo ezahlukeneyo kunye nezahlulo zabasebenzi kwimarike yesicelo. Usetyenziso oluphambili lwePVC yesikhumba:
Imithwalo kunye neeHandbags: Ngokukodwa iimeko ezinzima kunye nezikhwama ezifuna ukumila okuzinzileyo, kunye neengxowa zokuhamba kunye neengxowa ezifuna ukuxhathisa ukugqoka.
Izinto zeZihlangu: Ngokuyintloko zisetyenziswa kwiindawo ezingadibanisiyo ezifana ne-sole, i-trims ephezulu, kunye ne-linings, kunye neebhutsi zemvula ezisezantsi kunye nezicathulo zokusebenza.
Ifenitshala kunye nokuhonjiswa: Isetyenziswa kwiindawo ezingaqhagamshelwanga njengasemva, emacaleni, nakumazantsi eesofa nezitulo, nakwizithuthi zikawonke-wonke (ibhasi kunye nezihlalo zikaloliwe ohamba ngaphantsi komhlaba), apho ukuxhathisa kwayo kuphezulu kakhulu kunye neendleko eziphantsi zixatyiswa. Ukufakwa kweendonga, ukugubungela umgangatho, njl njl. I-Automotive Interiors: Ngokuthe ngcembe itshintshwa yi-PU, isasetyenziswa kwezinye iimodeli eziphantsi okanye kwiindawo ezingabalulekanga ezifana neepaneli zeminyango kunye neetati ze-trunk.
Iimveliso zoShishino: Iingxowa zesixhobo, izigqubuthelo zokukhusela, izixhobo zokuvala, njl.
Usetyenziso oluphambili lwePU Leather:
Izixhobo zesihlangu: Imarike engundoqo ngokupheleleyo. Isetyenziswa kwiindawo eziphezulu zeeteki, izihlangu eziqhelekileyo, kunye nezihlangu zesikhumba kuba zinika ukuphefumla okugqwesileyo, ukuthamba, kunye nenkangeleko esesitayeleni.
Isinxibo kunye neFashoni: Iibhatyi zesikhumba, iibhulukhwe zesikhumba, iziketi zesikhumba, iiglavu, njl njl. I-drape yayo egqwesileyo kunye nentuthuzelo yenza ukuba ibe yintandokazi kwishishini lempahla.
Ifenitshala kunye neFanitshala yaseKhaya: Iisofa zesikhumba zokwenziwa eziphezulu, izitulo zokutyela, iitafile ezisecaleni kwebhedi, kunye nezinye iindawo ezidibana ngqo nomzimba. Isikhumba seMicrofiber PU sisetyenziswa kakhulu kwizitulo zeemoto zodidi, amavili okuqhuba, kunye needeshibhodi, zibonelela ngamava akufutshane-enyani ngesikhumba.
Imithwalo kunye neZincedisi: Izikhwama zezandla eziphezulu, izikhwama, amabhanti, njl.
I-Electronic Product Packaging: Isetyenziswe kwiingxowa ze-laptop, iimeko ze-headphone, iiglasi zeeglasi, njl., ukukhuselwa kokulinganisa kunye nobuhle.
Ukuma kweMarike:
Isikhumba se-PVC sibambe ngokuqinileyo indawo eqinileyo kwimarike ephantsi kunye nakumacandelo oshishino afuna ukuxhathisa okugqithisileyo. Umlinganiselo wayo wokusebenza kwexabiso awuhambelani.
I-PU yesikhumba, kwelinye icala, ilawula i-market-to-high-end-market kwaye iyaqhubeka nokucela umngeni kwimarike ephezulu ngaphambili eyayilawulwa ngesikhumba sokwenyani. Lukhetho oluqhelekileyo kuphuculo lwabathengi kwaye njengenye indlela yesikhumba sokwenyani.
V. Ixabiso kunye neendlela zeMarike
Ixabiso:
Ixabiso lemveliso yesikhumba sePVC lisezantsi kakhulu kunelo lesikhumba sePU. Oku kuqala ngenxa yamaxabiso aphantsi ezinto eziluhlaza ezifana ne-PVC resin kunye ne-plasticizers, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla aphantsi kunye nenkqubo elula yokuvelisa. Ngenxa yoko, ixabiso lesikhumba sePVC esigqityiweyo sisiqingatha kuphela okanye isinye kwisithathu seso sesikhumba sePU.
Iindlela zeMarike:
Isikhumba se-PU siyaqhubeka nokukhula, ngelixa i-PVC yesikhumba igcina ukwehla okuthe gqolo: Kwihlabathi jikelele, ngakumbi kumazwe aphuhlileyo, i-PU yethwathwa ngokuthe ngcembe ikhukulisa isabelo semarike yemveli ye-PVC ngenxa yemithetho engqongqo yokusingqongileyo (efana nommiselo we-EU REACH othintela iiphthalates) kunye nokwandisa iimfuno zabathengi zomgangatho wemveliso kunye nokuthuthuzela. Ukukhula kwesikhumba sePVC kugxile ikakhulu kumazwe asaphuhlayo nakumacandelo angabizi kakhulu. Ukhuseleko lwendalo esingqongileyo kunye nophuhliso oluzinzileyo lube ngundoqo wokuqhuba:
I-Bio-based PU, i-PU esekelwe emanzini (i-solvent-free), i-PVC ye-plasticizer-free, kunye ne-eco-friendly plasticizers ziye zaba ziindawo zophando kunye nophuhliso. Abanini bamabhrendi baya besanda ngokubeka phambili ukuphinda kusetyenziswe imathiriyeli.
Isikhumba seMicrofiber PU (isikhumba semicrofiber) yindlela yexesha elizayo:
Isikhumba seMicrofiber sisebenzisa ilaphu lesiseko se-microfiber esinesakhiwo esifana neentsinga ze-collagen zesikhumba sokwenyani, enikezela ukusebenza okusondela okanye ukodlula ufele lokwenyani. Yaziwa ngokuba "yisizukulwana sesithathu sesikhumba sokwenziwa." Imele incopho yetekhnoloji yesikhumba sokwenziwa kwaye sisikhokelo sophuhliso oluphambili kwimakethi ephezulu. Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiindawo zangaphakathi zeemoto eziphezulu, izihlangu zemidlalo, iimpahla zodidi, kunye namanye amabala.
Ukusungula okuSebenzayo:
Zombini i-PVC kunye ne-PU ziphuhlisa iimpawu ezisebenzayo ezifana ne-antibacterial, i-mildew-proof, i-flame-retardant, i-UV-resistant, kunye ne-hydrolysis-resistant ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezifunekayo zezicelo ezithile.
VI. Indlela yokwahlula i-PVC yesikhumba kwi-PU yesikhumba
Kubathengi kunye nabathengi, ukuqonda iindlela ezilula zokuchonga kuyasebenza kakhulu.
Indlela yokuTsha (Eyona ichaneke kakhulu):
Isikhumba sePVC: Kunzima ukuvutha, sicima ngokukhawuleza xa sisusiwe kwidangatye. Isiseko somlilo siluhlaza kwaye sinevumba elinamandla, elibukhali le-hydrochloric acid (njengeplastiki evuthayo). Iyaqina kwaye ibe mnyama emva kokutshiswa.
Isikhumba sePU: Iyatsha, nedangatye elityheli. Inevumba elifana noboya okanye iphepha elivuthayo (ngenxa yobukho be-ester kunye namaqela e-amino). Iyathamba kwaye ibe ncangathi emva kokutshiswa.
Qaphela: Le ndlela inokubukeka
Isikhumba sePVC kunye ne-PU ayingomcimbi nje "olungileyo" ngokuchasene "nombi." Endaweni yoko, zimbini iimveliso eziphuhliswe ngokusekwe kwiimfuno zamaxesha ahlukeneyo kunye nenkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji, nganye inengqiqo yayo kunye nokusetyenziswa okunokwenzeka.
Isikhumba sePVC simele umlinganiselo wokugqibela phakathi kweendleko kunye nokuqina. Ihlala iqinile kwizicelo apho induduzo kunye nokusebenza kokusingqongileyo akungabalulekanga kangako, kodwa apho ukuxhatshazwa kokugqoka, ukuxhathisa kwamanzi, kunye neendleko eziphantsi zibaluleke kakhulu. Ikamva layo lisekulungiseni imingcipheko yendalo esingqongileyo kunye nempilo ngokusebenzisa iiplasticizers ezinobuhlobo bokusingqongileyo kunye nokuqhubela phambili kwezobuchwepheshe, ngaloo ndlela igcina indawo yayo njengento esebenzayo.
Isikhumba sePU lolona khetho lubalaseleyo lokuthuthuzela nokukhuselwa kwendalo. Imele uphuhliso oluphambili lwesikhumba sokwenziwa. Ngokuqhubeka nokuqaliswa kokutsha kwetekhnoloji, iye yodlula i-PVC ngokweemvakalelo, ukuphefumla, iipropathi zomzimba, kunye nokusebenza kokusingqongileyo, ibe yeyona ndlela iphambili yolusu lokwenyani kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wempahla yabathengi. Isikhumba se-Microfiber PU, ngokukodwa, siphazamisa imigca phakathi kwesikhumba sokwenziwa kunye nokwenyani, ukuvula izicelo ezintsha eziphezulu.
Xa ukhetha imveliso, abathengi kunye nabavelisi akufuneki bathelekise nje ixabiso kodwa benze ugwebo oluphangaleleyo olusekwe kusetyenziso lokugqibela lwemveliso, iimfuno zolawulo kwimarike ekujoliswe kuyo, ukuzibophelela kohlobo lwendalo esingqongileyo, kunye namava omsebenzisi. Kuphela ngokuqonda iiyantlukwano zabo ezisisiseko esinokuthi senze olona khetho lulumkileyo nolona lufanelekileyo. Kwixesha elizayo, njengoko itekhnoloji yemathiriyeli iqhubela phambili, sinokubona "isizukulwana sesine kunye nesesihlanu" izithwathwa ezenziweyo ezisebenza ngcono ngakumbi kunye nobuhlobo obukhulu bokusingqongileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ukhuphiswano olungaphezu kwesiqingatha senkulungwane kunye nendalo ehambelanayo ye-PVC kunye ne-PU iya kuhlala isisahluko esinomdla kwimbali yophuhliso lwezixhobo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Sep-12-2025
