Xa kuziwa kwizinto eziphambili, i-silicone ngokungathandabuzekiyo ingumxholo oshushu. I-Silicone luhlobo lwe-polymer material equkethe i-silicon, i-carbon, i-hydrogen kunye ne-oxygen. Yahluke kakhulu kwimathiriyeli ye-silicon ye-inorganic kwaye ibonisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwiinkalo ezininzi. Makhe sijonge ngakumbi kwiimpawu, inkqubo yokufumanisa kunye nolwalathiso lwesicelo se-silicone.
Umahluko phakathi kwe-silicone kunye ne-silicon ye-inorganic:
Okokuqala, kukho umahluko ocacileyo kulwakhiwo lweekhemikhali phakathi kwe-silicone kunye ne-silicon ye-inorganic. I-Silicone yi-polymer material eyenziwe nge-silicon kunye ne-carbon, i-hydrogen, i-oksijini kunye nezinye izinto, ngelixa i-silicon ye-inorganic ibhekisela ikakhulu kwi-inorganic compounds eyenziwe yi-silicon kunye ne-oksijini, njenge-silicon dioxide (SiO2). I-carbon-based structure ye-silicone inika u-elasticity kunye neplastiki, okwenza kube lula ngakumbi kwisicelo. Ngenxa yeempawu zesakhiwo seemolekyuli ze-silicone, oko kukuthi, amandla e-bond ye-Si-O bond (444J / mol) iphezulu kune-CC bond (339J / mol), izinto ze-silicone zinokumelana nokushisa okuphezulu kune-organic polymer compounds.
Ukufunyanwa kwe-silicone:
Ukufunyanwa kwe-silicone kunokulandelwa emva kwekhulu lama-20. Kwiintsuku zokuqala, izazinzulu zenze ngempumelelo i-silicone ngokuzisa amaqela e-organic kwiikhompawundi ze-silicon. Oku kufunyaniswe kwavula ixesha elitsha lezinto ze-silicone kwaye kwabeka isiseko sokusetyenziswa kwayo ngokubanzi kwishishini kunye nesayensi. I-synthesis kunye nokuphuculwa kwe-silicone yenze inkqubela phambili kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, ukukhuthaza ukutsha okuqhubekayo kunye nokuphuhliswa kwesi sixhobo.
Ii-silicones eziqhelekileyo:
I-Silicones yiklasi ye-polymer compounds efumaneka ngokubanzi kwindalo kunye ne-artificial synthesis, kuquka iifom ezahlukeneyo kunye nezakhiwo. Le ilandelayo yimizekelo yee-silicones eziqhelekileyo:
I-Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS): I-PDMS yi-elastomer ye-silicone eqhelekileyo, efumaneka ngokuqhelekileyo kwi-rubber ye-silicone. Inokuguquguquka okugqwesileyo kunye nokuzinza okuphezulu kweqondo lokushisa, kwaye isetyenziswa ngokubanzi ekulungiseleleni iimveliso zerabha, izixhobo zonyango, i-lubricant, njl.
Ioli yeSilicone: Ioli yeSilicone yikhompawundi ye-silicone ehambelanayo kunye noxinzelelo olusezantsi kunye nokumelana nobushushu obuphezulu. Ngokuqhelekileyo zisetyenziswa kwizinto zokuthambisa, iimveliso zokunakekelwa kwesikhumba, izixhobo zonyango kunye nezinye iindawo.
I-Silicone Resin: I-silicone resin yimathiriyeli ye-polymer eyenziwe ngamaqela e-asilicic acid kunye nokumelana nobushushu obugqwesileyo kunye neempawu zokugquma umbane. Isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiingubo, i-adhesives, ukupakishwa kwe-elektroniki, njl.
I-Silicone Rubber: I-rubber ye-silicone yinto efana ne-rubber efana ne-silicone enokumelana nokushisa okuphezulu, ukumelana nemozulu, ukugquma kombane kunye nezinye iimpawu. Isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kumakhonkco okutywina, imikhono yokukhusela ikhebula kunye nezinye iindawo.
Le mizekelo ibonisa ukuhlukahluka kwe-silicones. Badlala indima ebalulekileyo kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo kwaye banoluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo ezivela kumashishini ukuya kubomi bemihla ngemihla. Oku kubonisa kwakhona iimpawu ezihlukeneyo ze-silicones njengento ephezulu yokusebenza.
Iinzuzo zokuSebenza
Xa kuthelekiswa ne-carbon chain compounds eziqhelekileyo, i-organosiloxane (i-Polydimethylsiloxane, i-PDMS) ineenzuzo ezithile zokusebenza ezikhethekileyo, ezenza ibonise ukusebenza kakuhle kwizicelo ezininzi. Ezi zilandelayo zezinye izibonelelo zokusebenza ze-organosiloxane ngaphezulu kweekhompawundi zekhabhoni eziqhelekileyo:
Ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu: I-Organosiloxane inokumelana nobushushu obuphezulu. Ukwakhiwa kweebhondi ze-silicon-oksijeni zenza i-organosiloxanes zizinzile kumaqondo okushisa aphezulu kwaye akulula ukubola, okubonelela ngeenzuzo kwisicelo sayo kwiindawo eziphezulu zokushisa. Ngokwahlukileyo, ezininzi iikhompawundi ze-carbon chain chain ziyakwazi ukubola okanye zilahlekelwe ukusebenza kumaqondo aphezulu.
Ukuxinezeleka komphezulu ophantsi: I-Organosiloxane ibonisa ukuxinezeleka okuphantsi komhlaba, okwenza kube nokumanzi kunye nokuthambisa okulungileyo. Le propati yenza ioli ye-silicone (uhlobo lwe-organosiloxane) olusetyenziswa kakhulu kwii-lubricants, iimveliso zokunakekelwa kwesikhumba kunye nezixhobo zonyango.
Ukuguquguquka kunye nokunwebeka: Ubume bemolekyuli ye-organosiloxane inika ukuguquguquka okuhle kunye nokunwebeka, kuyenza ibe lolona khetho lufanelekileyo lokulungiselela irabha kunye nezixhobo ezilastiki. Oku kwenza irabha ye-silicone isebenze kakuhle ekulungiseleleni amakhonkco okutywina, amacandelo e-elastic, njl.
Ukufakelwa kombane: I-Organosiloxane ibonisa iimpawu ezigqwesileyo zokufakelwa kombane, okwenza ukuba isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwintsimi yombane. I-silicone resin (uhlobo lwe-siloxane) luhlala lusetyenziswa kwizinto zokupakisha ze-elektroniki ukubonelela ngombane kunye nokukhusela amacandelo e-elektroniki.
I-Biocompatibility: I-Organosiloxane inokuhambelana okuphezulu kunye nezicubu ze-biological kwaye ngoko isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwizixhobo zonyango kunye nemimandla ye-biomedical. Ngokomzekelo, i-rubber ye-silicone isoloko isetyenziselwa ukulungiselela i-silicone yonyango kwizitho ezenziweyo, ii-catheters zonyango, njl.
Uzinzo lweMichiza: I-Organosiloxanes ibonisa ukuzinza okuphezulu kweekhemikhali kunye nokuchasana kakuhle kwe-corrosion kwiikhemikhali ezininzi. Oku kuvumela ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwishishini lemichiza ukuba kwandiswe, njengokulungiswa kwamatanki ekhemikhali, imibhobho kunye nezinto zokutywinwa.
Ngokubanzi, i-organosiloxanes ineepropati ezihlukeneyo kuneekhompawundi eziqhelekileyo ze-carbon chain, ezibenza bakwazi ukudlala indima ebalulekileyo kwiinkalo ezininzi ezifana nokuthambisa, ukutywinwa, unyango kunye ne-elektroniki.
Indlela yokulungiselela i-organosilicon monomers
Indlela ethe ngqo: Hlanganisa izinto ze-organosilicon ngokusabela ngokuthe ngqo kwi-silicon kunye neekhompawundi ze-organic.
Indlela engathanga ngqo: Lungiselela i-organosilicon ngokuqhekeka, i-polymerization kunye nezinye iimpendulo ze-silicon compounds.
Indlela ye-Hydrolysis polymerization: Lungisa i-organosilicon nge-hydrolysis polymerization ye-silanol okanye i-silane alcohol.
Indlela ye-copolymerization ye-Gradient: Hlanganisa izixhobo ze-organosilicon ezineempawu ezithile nge-gradient copolymerization. ,
Indlela yemarike ye-Organosilicon
Ukwandisa imfuno kwiinkalo zobugcisa obuphezulu: Ngophuhliso olukhawulezayo lwamashishini aphezulu, imfuno ye-organosilicon eneempawu ezibalaseleyo ezifana nokumelana nokushisa okuphezulu, ukuxhathisa i-corrosion kunye nokufakelwa kombane kuyanda.
Ukwandiswa kwemarike yesixhobo sonyango: Ukusetyenziswa kwe-silicone kwimveliso yezixhobo zonyango kuqhubeka nokwandisa, kwaye kudibaniswa ne-biocompatibility, kuzisa amathuba amatsha kwintsimi yezixhobo zonyango.
Uphuhliso oluzinzileyo: Ukuphuculwa kokuqonda okusingqongileyo kukhuthaza uphando lweendlela zokulungiselela uhlaza lwezinto ze-silicone, ezifana ne-silicone ye-biodegradable, ukufezekisa uphuhliso oluzinzileyo.
Ukuphononongwa kwemimandla emitsha yesicelo: Iinkalo ezintsha zesicelo ziyaqhubeka zivela, ezifana ne-electronics flexible, izixhobo ze-optoelectronic, njl., Ukukhuthaza ukutsha kunye nokwandiswa kweemarike ze-silicone.
Umkhombandlela wophuhliso lwexesha elizayo kunye nemingeni
Uphando kunye nophuhliso lwe-silicone esebenzayo:Ukuphendula kwiimfuno zamashishini ahlukeneyo, i-silicone iya kuhlawula ngakumbi ukuphuhliswa komsebenzi kwixesha elizayo, njengeengubo ze-silicone ezisebenzayo, kubandakanywa iimpawu ezikhethekileyo ezifana ne-antibacterial and conductive properties.
Uphando kwi-silicone enokubola:Ngokuphuculwa kolwazi lwendalo esingqongileyo, uphando malunga nezixhobo ze-silicone ezinokuguquguquka ziya kuba lukhokelo olubalulekileyo lophuhliso.
Ukusetyenziswa kwe-nano silicone: Ukusebenzisa i-nanotechnology, uphando malunga nokulungiswa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-nano silicone ukwandisa ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwiinkalo zobuchwepheshe obuphezulu.
Uhlaza lweendlela zokulungiselela: Kwiindlela zokulungiselela i-silicone, ingqwalasela engakumbi iya kuhlawulwa kwiindlela zobugcisa eziluhlaza kunye nokusingqongileyo kwixesha elizayo ukunciphisa impembelelo kwindalo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jul-15-2024