Isahluko 1: Inkcazo kunye neeNgcaciso ezingundoqo-Yintoni i-PU Leather esekelwe emanzini?
Isikhumba se-PU esekwe emanzini, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-polyurethane synthetic leather, silusu olukwinqanaba eliphezulu elenziwe ngokugquma okanye ukumilisela ilaphu lesiseko kunye ne-polyurethane resin usebenzisa amanzi njengendlela yokusasaza (i-diluent). Ukuze siqonde ixabiso layo, kufuneka kuqala sicazulule eli gama:
I-Polyurethane (PU): Le yipolymer ephezulu yemolekyuli enokumelana okugqwesileyo kwe-abrasion, ukuguquguquka, ukuqina okuphezulu, kunye nokumelana nokwaluphala. Yimathiriyeli engundoqo ekrwada yesikhumba esenziweyo, kwaye iimpawu zayo zilawula ngokuthe ngqo ukumila kwesikhumba, ukuvakala, kunye nokuqina.
Isiseko samanzi: Lo ngumahluko ophambili kwiinkqubo zemveli. Ibhekisela kwinto yokuba i-polyurethane resin ayinyibiliki kwi-solvent ye-organic (efana ne-DMF, i-toluene, okanye i-butanone), kodwa endaweni yoko ihlakazwe ngokufanayo emanzini njengamasuntswana amancinci, okwenza i-emulsion.
Ke ngoko, ufele lwePU olusekwe emanzini luhambelana nokusingqongileyo lwesikhumba sokwenziwa kusetyenziswa iteknoloji yepolyurethane kusetyenziswa amanzi njengesinyibilikisi. Ukuvela kwayo kunye nophuhliso kubonisa ukutsibela phambili kwezobuchwepheshe kwishishini lesikhumba ekuphenduleni iindlela zokukhuselwa kwendalo kunye neemfuno zempilo kunye nokhuseleko.
Isahluko 2: Imvelaphi - Kutheni le nto i-PU Leather eSekwe emanzini?
Ukuvela kwesikhumba sePU esekwe emanzini akuzange kwenzeke ngengozi; yayiyilelwe ukujongana neengxaki ezinzulu ezivezwa ngesikhumba se-PU yemveli esekwe kwi-solvent.
1. Izinto ezingeloncedo kwi-Solvent-based Traditional PU Leather:
Ungcoliseko olumandla lokusiNgqongileyo: Ngexesha lenkqubo yokuvelisa, izixa ezikhulu ze-volatile organic compounds (VOCs) zikhutshwa emoyeni. Ii-VOC zi-precursors ezibalulekileyo kwi-photochemical smog kunye ne-PM2.5, ebeka ingozi enkulu kwindalo kunye nempilo yabantu.
Iingozi Zempilo Nokhuseleko: Izinyibilikisi eziphilayo zidla ngokuba yityhefu, zinokutsha, kwaye ziyadubula. Ukuvezwa kwexesha elide kubasebenzi basefektri kubangela umngcipheko wetyhefu, kwaye ixabiso elincinci lentsalela ye-solvent linokuhlala kwimveliso egqityiweyo ngexesha lokuqala, ebeka ingozi yempilo kubathengi.
Inkunkuma yobutyebi: Iinkqubo ezisekwe kwi-solvent zifuna izixhobo zokubuyisela ezintsonkothileyo ukuze zisetyenziswe ngokutsha kwaye zisetyenzwe ezi zinyibilikisi ziphilayo, okukhokelela ekusetyenzisweni okuphezulu kwamandla kunye nokungakwazi ukufikelela kwi-100% yokubuyisela kwakhona, okukhokelela kwinkcitho yobutyebi.
2. Abaqhubi bePolisi kunye neMarike:
Ukuqinisa iMimiselo yeNdalo yeHlabathi: Amazwe kwihlabathi liphela, ngakumbi i-China, i-EU, kunye noMntla Melika, azise imida engqongqo yokukhutshwa kwe-VOC kunye nemithetho yerhafu yokusingqongileyo, enyanzelisa ukuphuculwa kwemizi-mveliso.
Ukuqonda kwabathengi ngokusingqongileyo kuyanda: Iimveliso ezininzi kunye nabathengi baqwalasela "ukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo," "uzinzo," kunye "nohlaza" njengezinto ezibalulekileyo kwizigqibo zabo zokuthenga, okukhokelela kwimfuno ekhulayo yezinto ezicocekileyo.
UXanduva loLuntu lweNtlalo (CSR) kunye noMfanekiso weBrand: Ukusebenzisa imathiriyeli ehambelana nokusingqongileyo kube yindlela esebenzayo yeenkampani ukuzalisekisa uxanduva lwazo lwentlalo kunye nokuphucula isidima sabo sohlobo.
Iqhutywa zezi zinto, iteknoloji yePU esekwe emanzini, njengeyona ndlela isebenzayo, inika amathuba amakhulu ophuhliso.
Isahluko sesi-3: Inkqubo yokuVelisa - Umahluko onguNdoqo phakathi kwesikhumba esiSekwe ngamanzi kunye neSinyibilikisiweyo
Inkqubo yokwenziwa kwesikhumba se-PU esekelwe emanzini ifana kakhulu ne-solvent-based based, ngokuyinhloko kubandakanywa ukulungiswa kwelaphu elisisiseko, i-polyurethane coating, ukunyanga, ukuhlamba, ukomisa, kunye nokulungiswa kwendawo (embossing, printing, and rubbing). Umahluko ophambili ulele kwizigaba "zokwaleka" kunye "nonyango".
1. Inkqubo esekwe kwiSolvent (iNkqubo yeDMF):
I-Coating: I-PU resin ichithwa kwi-solvent ye-organic efana ne-DMF (dimethylformamide) ukwenza isisombululo se-viscous, esisetyenziswe kwisiseko.
I-Coagulation: Imveliso egqitywe ngesiqingatha-egqityiweyo intywiliselwa kwibhafu yokudibanisa amanzi. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-miscibility engapheliyo ye-DMF kunye namanzi, i-DMF isasazeka ngokukhawuleza kwisisombululo se-PU emanzini, ngelixa amanzi angena kwisisombululo se-PU. Le nkqubo ibangela ukuba i-PU ikhuphe kwisisombululo, yenze i-microporous cortical layer. Amanzi amdaka e-DMF afuna ukuchithwa kwexabiso eliphezulu kunye nezixhobo zokubuyisela.
2. Inkqubo esekwe emanzini:
Ukugqoka: I-emulsion ye-PU esekelwe kumanzi (iincinci ze-PU ezihlakazwe emanzini) zisetyenziswe kwisiseko sesiseko ngokusebenzisa iindlela ezifana nokugubungela ummese okanye ukudipha.
Ukudibanisa: Le yinkqubo ecela umngeni ngokobuchwephesha. I-emulsions esekelwe emanzini ayinayo i-solvents efana ne-DMF, ngoko ke i-coagulation ayinakwenziwa ngokulula ngamanzi. Okwangoku, kukho iindlela ezimbini eziphambili ze-coagulation:
I-Thermal coagulation: Ukushisa kunye nokomisa kusetyenziselwa ukukhupha amanzi, okubangela ukuba amaqhekeza e-PU asekelwe emanzini ancibilike kwaye enze ifilimu. Le ndlela idala ifilimu eshinyeneyo kunye nokungangeni kakuhle komoya.
I-Coagulation (ikhemikhali coagulation): Esi sisitshixo sokuvelisa ufele olusekwe emanzini aphefumlayo. Emva kokugubungela, izinto eziphathekayo zidlula kwindawo yokuhlambela equkethe i-coagulant (ngokuqhelekileyo isisombululo samanzi setyuwa okanye i-asidi ephilayo). I-coagulant iphazamisa i-emulsion enamanzi, inyanzelisa iinqununu ze-PU ukuba ziphule, zidibanise, kwaye zihlalise, okubangelwa isakhiwo se-microporous esifana neso sezinto ezisekelwe kwi-solvent. Oku kubonelela ngokugqwesileyo komoya kunye nokungena kwamanzi.
Inkqubo esekelwe emanzini iphelisa ngokupheleleyo i-solvents eziphilayo, isusa ukukhutshwa kwe-VOC kumthombo. Oku kwenza yonke indawo yemveliso ikhuseleke kwaye isuse imfuno yeenkqubo zokubuyisela i-solvent enzima, okubangela inkqubo elula kunye neyobume bendalo.
Isahluko 4: Iimpawu zokuSebenza - Izinto eziluncedo kunye nezingeloncedo zesikhumba sePU esekwe ngamanzi
(I) Izinto eziluncedo ezingundoqo:
Ukhuseleko lokuSingqongileyo olugqibeleleyo:
I-Near-Zero Emissions ye-VOC: Akukho zinyibilikisi ezinobuthi okanye eziyingozi ezikhutshwayo ngexesha lenkqubo yokuvelisa, okukhokelela ekusebenzeni kokusingqongileyo.
I-Non-Toxic kwaye ayinabungozi: Imveliso yokugqibela ayinazo izinyibilikisi ezishiyekileyo, ayiluthukuthezi ulusu lomntu, kwaye ikhuselekile kwaye ayinayo ityhefu. Ithobelana neyona migangatho ingqongqo yokusingqongileyo (efana ne-EU REACH kunye ne-OEKO-TEX Standard 100), iyenza ilunge kwizicelo ezifuna imigangatho ephezulu yezempilo, njengemveliso yeentsana kunye nabantwana abasakhasayo, izinto zangaphakathi zeemoto, kunye nefenitshala yasekhaya.
Inkqubo yemveliso ekhuselekileyo: Iphelisa imingcipheko yomlilo, uqhushumbo, kunye netyhefu yabasebenzi.
Ukusebenza okugqwesileyo:
I-Handfeel egqwesileyo: Isikhumba esenziwe nge-PU-resin esekwe emanzini sihlala sithambile, siziva sigcwele, sisondele kwisikhumba sokwenyani.
Ukuphefumla kunye nokuThuthuka-Okunobunewunewu (kuCoagulation): Isakhiwo se-microporous esidalwe sivumela umoya kunye nomswakama ukuba udlule, ukwenza izihlangu, iibhegi, iisofa, kunye nezinye iimveliso zokomisa kwaye zikhululeke ngakumbi ukusebenzisa, ukoyisa ukugcwala okuhlala kunxulunyaniswa nesikhumba sokwenziwa.
Ukuxhathisa okuPhezulu kweHydrolysis: Obunye ubuthathaka bendalo be-polyurethane kukuchaphazeleka kwayo kwi-hydrolysis kunye nokonakala kwindawo yobushushu obuphezulu kunye nokufuma okuphezulu. Iinkqubo ze-PU ezisekelwe kumanzi ngokubanzi zibonelela ngolawulo olungcono kwisakhiwo sabo semolekyuli, okukhokelela ekuxhathiseni okuphezulu kwe-hydrolysis xa kuthelekiswa ne-solvent-based PU yesikhumba, okukhokelela kubomi obude benkonzo.
Ukubambelela olomeleleyo: Iintlaka ezisekelwe emanzini zibonisa ukumanzi okugqwesileyo kunye nokubambelela kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-substrates (amalaphu angalukwanga, alukiweyo, kunye ne-microfiber).
Umgaqo-nkqubo kunye nezinto eziluncedo kwiMarike:
Ukuhlangabezana ngokulula nemithetho yendalo esingqongileyo yasekhaya neyamazwe ngamazwe, ukuqinisekisa ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle kwexhala.
Ngeleyibhile "yeMveliso yoHlaza", kulula ukufumana ukuthenga kuluhlu lokuthenga lweempawu eziphezulu kunye nabathengi.
Isahluko sesi-5: IiNdawo zeSicelo-UKhetho lwe-Eco-Friendly Ubiquitous
Ukusebenzisa iingenelo zayo ezimbini zobuhlobo bokusingqongileyo kunye nokusebenza, isikhumba se-PU esekwe emanzini singena ngokukhawuleza kumacandelo ahlukeneyo:
Isinxibo kunye nezihlangu: Izihlangu zembaleki ezingaphezulu, izihlangu eziqhelekileyo, izihlangu zefashoni, iimpahla zesikhumba, iitrim zejacket ezantsi, oobhaka, kunye nokunye kusetyenziswa kakhulu. Ukuphefumla kunye nokuthuthuzela kungundoqo.
Ifenitshala kunye neFanitshala yaseKhaya: Iisofa ezikumgangatho ophezulu, izitulo zokutyela, izigqubuthelo ezisecaleni kwebhedi, kunye nempahla yangaphakathi ethambileyo. Ezi zicelo zifuna amanqanaba aphezulu kakhulu okumelana ne-hydrolysis, ukunganyangeki kwe-abrasion, kunye nokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo.
I-Automotive Interiors: Izihlalo zemoto, iindawo zokumisa iingalo, iipaneli zocango, amavili okuqhuba, kunye nokunye. Le yeyona marike iphambili yesikhumba sePU esekwe emanzini, ekufuneka ihlangabezane nemigangatho engqongqo yokumelana nokwaluphala, ukumelana nokukhanya, iiVOCs eziphantsi, kunye nokubuyiswa komlilo.
IiMveliso zoMbane: Iikesi zeLaptop, iikesi ze-headphone, iintambo ze-smartwatch, kunye nokunye, zibonelela ngobumnene, obunobuhlobo bolusu, kunye nesitayile.
Imithwalo kunye neeHandbags: Ilaphu leebhegi zefashoni ezahlukeneyo, iibrifkheyisi, kunye nemithwalo, ukudibanisa ubuhle, ukuqina, kunye noyilo olukhaphukhaphu.
Iimpahla zeMidlalo: Ibhola ekhatywayo, iibasketball, iiglavu, nokunye.
Isahluko 6: Uthelekiso nezinye izinto
vs. I-Solvent-Based PU Leather: Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, isikhumba esisekelwe emanzini siphezulu ngokumalunga nokusingqongileyo, impilo, kunye nokuvakalelwa kwesandla, kodwa kusenayo indawo yokubamba malunga neendleko kunye nokusebenza ngokugqithiseleyo. Ulusu olusekelwe emanzini lukhokelo olucacileyo lophuhliso lwetekhnoloji.
vs. Isikhumba sokwenyani: Isikhumba sokwenyani sisixhobo sendalo esinokwakheka okukodwa kunye nokuphefumla okuphezulu, kodwa siyabiza, sinomgangatho ongalinganiyo, kwaye inkqubo yokuvelisa (i-tanning) iyangcolisa. Isikhumba se-PU esekwe emanzini sinikezela ngenkangeleko engaguqukiyo kunye nokusebenza ngexabiso eliphantsi, ngaphandle kokwenzakalisa izilwanyana, kwaye ihambelana ngakumbi neengqikelelo zokusetyenziswa kokuziphatha okuzinzileyo.
vs. I-PVC ye-Artificial Leather: I-PVC yesikhumba inikezela ngexabiso eliphantsi, kodwa inemvakalelo enzima, ukuphefumla okungahambi kakuhle, ayinakumelana nokubanda, kwaye inokubangela imiba yokusingqongileyo ngenxa yokongezwa kweplastiki. Isikhumba se-PU esisekelwe emanzini sidlula i-PVC ngokwemigaqo yokusebenza kunye nobuhlobo bendalo.
vs. Isikhumba seMicrofiber: Isikhumba seMicrofiber silusu lwepremiyamu eyenziweyo kunye nokusebenza ngokusondeleyo kwesikhumba sokwenyani. Ngokuqhelekileyo isebenzisa ilaphu le-microfiber elingalukwanga njengenkxaso yalo, kwaye ukugquma kunokwenziwa nokuba kusekwe kwi-solvent okanye i-PU esekwe emanzini. Ukudibanisa kwe-PU ephezulu yamanzi kunye ne-microfiber fabric imele i-pinacle ye-teknoloji yesikhumba sokwenziwa kwangoku.
Isahluko sesi-6: IiNdlela zoPhuhliso lwexesha elizayo
I-Technological Iteration kunye neNtsebenzo yokuPhumelela: Ngokuphuhlisa i-resin ezintsha ezisekelwe kumanzi (ezifana ne-silicone-modified PU kunye ne-acrylic-modified PU) kunye nokuphucula iteknoloji yokuphilisa, iipropati ezibonakalayo zemveliso kunye nokusebenza (i-flame retardancy, ii-antibacterial properties, ukuziphilisa, njl.) ziya kuphuculwa ngakumbi.
Ukuphuculwa kweendleko kunye noScalability: Ngokuthandwa kobuchwephesha kunye nokwandiswa komthamo wemveliso, uqoqosho lwesikali luya kunciphisa ngokuthe ngcembe ixabiso elipheleleyo le-PU yesikhumba esekwe emanzini, okwenza ukuba kukhuphisane ngakumbi kwimarike.
Ukudityaniswa kweTyathanga loShishino kunye nokuMiswa koMgangatho: Ukusuka kwintlaka edityanisiweyo ukuya kwimveliso yesikhumba ukuya kwisicelo sophawu, lonke ikhonkco loshishino liya kwenza intsebenziswano esondeleyo kunye nokukhuthaza ngokudibeneyo ukusekwa nokuphuculwa kwemigangatho yoshishino.
UQoqosho lweSetyhula kunye ne-Bio-based Materials: Uphando lwexesha elizayo kunye nophuhliso aluyi kugxila kuphela kwinkqubo yokuvelisa, kodwa kunye nokuphinda kusetyenziswe kunye ne-biodegradability yeemveliso emva komjikelo wabo wokuphela kobomi. Ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezisisiseko ze-bio-based (ezifana nengqolowa kunye neoli ye-castor) ukulungiselela i-resin ye-PU esekelwe emanzini iya kuba ngumda olandelayo.
Ukuqukumbela
Isikhumba sePU esekwe emanzini singaphezulu nje kokutshintshwa kwezinto ezilula; imele indlela engundoqo yeshishini lesikhumba ukuba litshintshe ukusuka kwimodeli yemveli, engcoliseke kakhulu, kunye nenamandla kakhulu ukuya kweluhlaza, ezinzileyo. Ibetha ngempumelelo ibhalansi exabisekileyo phakathi kokusebenza, iindleko, kunye nobuhlobo bendalo, eyanelisayo imfuno yabathengi yeemveliso zesikhumba ezikumgangatho ophezulu ngelixa ikwazalisekisa uxanduva loshishino loluntu ukukhusela okusingqongileyo. Ngelixa okwangoku ijongene neendleko kunye nemiceli mngeni yobugcisa, iingenelo zayo ezinkulu zokusingqongileyo kunye nokubanakho ukusetyenziswa kuyenza ibe yindlela engenakujikwa yoshishino. Njengoko itekhnoloji ikhula kwaye ulwazi lwentengiso lusiya lusiba nzulu, ufele lwePU esekwe emanzini lukulungele ukuba yeyona nto iphambili kwintengiso yesikhumba eyenziweyo yexa elizayo, idala ilizwe elicocekileyo, elikhuselekileyo, kunye nefashoni.
Ixesha lokuposa: Sep-10-2025
