I-PU sisishunqulelo se-English polyurethane, igama lekhemikhali yesiTshayina elithi "polyurethane". Isikhumba sePU lulusu lwamalungu e-polyurethane. Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwimithwalo, iimpahla, izihlangu, izithuthi kunye nokuhombisa ifanitshala.
Isikhumba sePu luhlobo lwesikhumba sokwenziwa, ukubunjwa kwayo kubandakanya le miba ilandelayo:
1. I-Substrate: Ngokuqhelekileyo sebenzisa ilaphu lefiber, ifilimu yefiber kunye nezinye izinto njengezinto ezisisiseko zokuphucula amandla kunye nokuqina kwesikhumba sePu.
2. I-Emulsion: Ukukhethwa kwe-emulsion ye-synthetic resin okanye i-emulsion yendalo njengento yokugqoka inokuphucula ukuthungwa kunye nokuthamba kwe-Pu yesikhumba.
3. Izongezo: kubandakanywa i-plasticizers, imixube, i-solvents, i-ultraviolet absorbers, njl., ezi zongezo zinokuphucula amandla, ukuqina, ukuxhathisa kwamanzi, ukuchasana nokungcola kunye nokuchasana kwe-UV yesikhumba sePu.
4. Imidiya ye-Astringent: Imidiya ye-Astringent ngokuqhelekileyo i-acidifier, esetyenziselwa ukulawula ixabiso le-pH yesikhumba sePu, ukwenzela ukuba kube lula ukudibanisa i-coating kunye ne-substrate, ukwenzela ukuba i-Pu yesikhumba ibe nembonakalo engcono kunye nobomi.
Ezi zingentla zezona zinto ziphambili zesikhumba sePu, xa kuthelekiswa nesikhumba sendalo, isikhumba sePu sinokukhaphukhaphu ngakumbi, singangeni manzi kwaye singabizi mali ininzi, kodwa ukuthungwa, ukunyanzeliswa kunye nezinye izinto zingaphantsi kancinci kwesikhumba sendalo.
E-China, abantu basetyenziselwa ukusebenzisa i-PU resin njengezinto eziluhlaza ukuvelisa isikhumba sokwenziwa esibizwa ngokuba yi-PU yesikhumba sokufakelwa (esibizwa ngokuba yi-PU yesikhumba); Isikhumba sokwenziwa esiveliswe nge-PU resin kunye nelaphu elingalukwanga njengemathiriyeli ekrwada ibizwa ngokuba yi-PU yesikhumba yokwenziwa (ekubhekiswa kuyo njengesikhumba sokwenziwa). Kulisiko ukubhekisa kwezi ntlobo zintathu zethwathwa zingentla njengesikhumba sokwenziwa. Uyibiza njani? Kufuneka imanyaniswe kwaye ibekwe emgangathweni ukuyinika igama elifaneleke ngakumbi.
Isikhumba sokwenziwa kunye nesikhumba sokwenziwa yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yoshishino lweplastiki kwaye lusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kumashishini ahlukeneyo oqoqosho lwelizwe. Isikhumba sokwenziwa, imveliso yesikhumba eyenziweyo emhlabeni ineminyaka engaphezu kwama-60 yembali yophuhliso, iTshayina yaqala ukuphuhlisa nokuvelisa ufele olungelulo ukusukela ngo-1958, luphuhliso lokuqala kushishino lweplastiki yaseTshayina. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, uphuhliso lwemveliso yesikhumba eyenziweyo yaseTshayina ayikona nje ukukhula kwemigca yemveliso yezixhobo zamashishini emveliso, ukukhula kwemveliso unyaka nonyaka, iintlobo kunye nemibala yanda unyaka nonyaka, kodwa nophuhliso loshishino lunombutho walo woshishino, kukho ubumbano olukhulu, olunokuthi lubeke ulusu lwaseTshayina kunye nezinto zokwenziwa, kubandakanywa nezikhumba ezenziweyo kunye nezinto zokwenziwa. Iphuhliswe kwishishini elinamandla amakhulu.
Ukulandela i-PVC yesikhumba eyenziweyo, i-PU yesikhumba yokwenziwa emva kweminyaka engaphezu kwama-30 yophando oluzinikeleyo kunye nophuhliso ziingcali zenzululwazi kunye netekhnoloji, njengendawo efanelekileyo yesikhumba sendalo, iphumelele inkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji.
I-PU egqunywe kumphezulu welaphu yaqala ukuvela kwimarike ngeminyaka yee-1950, kwaye ngo-1964, inkampani yase-United States yaseDuPont yavelisa i-PU yesikhumba yokwenziwa yangaphezulu. Emva kokuba inkampani yaseJapan iseke imigca yemveliso enemveliso yonyaka ye-600,000 square metres, emva kweminyaka engaphezu kwe-20 yophando oluqhubekayo kunye nophuhliso, i-PU yesikhumba ye-synthetic ikhula ngokukhawuleza kumgangatho wemveliso, iindidi, okanye imveliso. Ukusebenza kwayo kuya kusondela ngakumbi kwesikhumba sendalo, kwaye ezinye iipropati zide zigqithise ufele lwendalo, zifikelela kwinqanaba lenyani kunye nobuxoki ngesikhumba sendalo, ezithatha indawo ebaluleke kakhulu kubomi bemihla ngemihla bomntu.
Namhlanje, iJapan ngoyena mvelisi mkhulu wesikhumba sokwenziwa, kwaye iimveliso zeenkampani ezininzi ezinje ngeCoroli, iTeijin, iToray, kunye neBell Textile zimele inqanaba lophuhliso lwamazwe aphesheya ngeminyaka yoo-1990s. Ifayibha yayo kunye nokwenziwa kwelaphu elingalukwanga liphuhla lisiya kwi-ultra-fine, elinoxinaniso oluphezulu kunye nesiphumo esingalukwanga esiphezulu. Ukuveliswa kwayo kwe-PU ukuya kwicala le-PU yokusasazwa, i-emulsion yamanzi ye-PU, intsimi yesicelo semveliso iyaqhubeka nokwandisa, ukususela ekuqaleni kwezihlangu, iibhegi ukuya kwiimpahla, ibhola, umhlobiso kunye nezinye iindawo ezikhethekileyo zesicelo, kuzo zonke iinkalo zobomi beMihla yabantu.
Isikhumba sokwenziwa
Isikhumba sokwenziwa sesona sixhobo sakuqala sokwenziwa kwelaphu lesikhumba, senziwe ngePVC kunye neplasticizer kunye nezinye izongezo eziqengqelekayo ezidityanisiweyo kwilaphu, iadvanteji itshiphu, umbala otyebileyo, iipateni ezahlukeneyo, ukusilela kulula ukuqiniswa, ukuqhawuka. I-PU yesikhumba eyenziweyo isetyenziselwa ukubuyisela i-PVC yesikhumba sokwenziwa, ixabiso layo liphezulu kune-PVC yesikhumba sokwenziwa. Ukusuka kwisakhiwo sekhemikhali, isondele kwilaphu lesikhumba, ayisebenzisi i-plasticizers ukufezekisa iipropati ezithambileyo, ngoko ayiyi kuba nzima, i-brittle, kwaye ineenzuzo zombala ocebileyo, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeepatheni, kwaye ixabiso lincinci kunengubo yesikhumba, ngoko ke yamkelwa ngabathengi.
Kukho olunye uhlobo lwesikhumba se-PU, ngokubanzi icala elichaseneyo ngumaleko wesibini wesikhumba, ogqunywe ngomaleko we-PU resin phezu komhlaba, ngoko ikwabizwa ngokuba yifilim yesikhumba. Ixabiso layo liphantsi kwaye izinga lokusetyenziswa liphezulu. Ngokutshintshwa kwenkqubo kwakhona kwenziwa kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zeentlobo, ezifana nokungeniswa kwemigangatho emibini yesikhumba, ngenxa yenkqubo ekhethekileyo, umgangatho ozinzileyo, iintlobo zenoveli kunye nezinye iimpawu, kwi-high-grade yesikhumba, ixabiso kunye nebakala alikho ngaphantsi komgangatho wokuqala wesikhumba. I-PU yesikhumba kunye neengxowa zesikhumba zangempela zineempawu zazo, iingxowa ze-PU zesikhumba zibukeka zihle, zilula ukunyamekela, ixabiso eliphantsi, kodwa alikwazi ukunxiba, kulula ukuphuka; Isikhumba sokwenyani siyabiza kwaye kunzima ukusikhathalela, kodwa sihlala ixesha elide.
Ilaphu lesikhumba kunye ne-PVC eyenziwe ngesikhumba, i-pu synthetic yesikhumba ngeendlela ezimbini zokwahlula: okokuqala, iqondo lokuthamba kwesikhumba, isikhumba sithambile kakhulu, i-pu inzima, ngoko ke uninzi lwe-pu lusetyenziswa kwizihlangu zesikhumba; Okwesibini kukusebenzisa indlela yokutshisa kunye nokunyibilika ukwahlula, indlela kukuthatha intwana encinci yelaphu emlilweni, ilaphu lesikhumba aliyi kunyibilika, kunye ne-PVC yesikhumba eyenziweyo, i-PU yesikhumba sokwenziwa iya kunyibilika.
Umahluko phakathi kwe-PVC yesikhumba eyenziweyo kunye ne-PU yesikhumba yokwenziwa inokwahlulwa ngendlela yokufunxa kwipetroli, indlela kukusebenzisa ilaphu elincinci, ulibeke kwipetroli kangangesiqingatha seyure, uze uyikhuphe, ukuba yi-PVC yesikhumba eyenziweyo, iya kuba lukhuni kwaye ibe brittle, ukuba i-PU ilukhuni, i-synthetic ayiyi kuba yisikhumba.
Isikhumba sendalo ngenxa yeempawu zayo zendalo ezibalaseleyo zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwimveliso yezinto eziyimfuneko zemihla ngemihla kunye neemveliso zemizi-mveliso, kodwa ngokukhula kwabemi behlabathi, imfuno yabantu yesikhumba iphindwe kabini, inani elilinganiselweyo lesikhumba sendalo ixesha elide alikwazanga ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zabantu. Ukuze kulungiswe oku kuphikisana, izazinzulu zaqala ukuphanda kunye nokuphuhlisa isikhumba sokwenziwa kunye nesikhumba sokwenziwa kumashumi eminyaka eyadlulayo ukwenza ukungabikho kwesikhumba sendalo. Inkqubo yembali yeminyaka engaphezu kwama-50 yophando yinkqubo yesikhumba sokwenziwa kunye nesikhumba sokwenziwa esicela umngeni ngesikhumba sendalo.
Iingcali zenzululwazi zaqala ngokufunda kunye nokuhlalutya ukwakheka kweekhemikhali kunye nesakhiwo sombutho wesikhumba sendalo, ukuqala nge-nitrocellulose linoleum, kunye nokungena kwi-PVC yesikhumba sokwenziwa, esisisizukulwana sokuqala sesikhumba sokwenziwa. Ngesi siseko, izazinzulu ziye zenza uphuculo oluninzi kunye nokuhlola, okokuqala, ukuphuculwa kwe-substrate, kwaye emva koko ukuguqulwa kunye nokuphuculwa kwe-resin yokugqoka. Ngeminyaka yee-1970, ilaphu elingaphothiweyo lefayibha yokwenziwa yabonakala i-needling ibe ngumnatha, idityaniswa ibe ngumnatha kunye nezinye iinkqubo, ukuze izinto ezisisiseko zinecandelo elifana ne-lotus, ifayibha ehollow, ukufezekisa ubume obunemingxuma, kunye nokuhlangabezana neemfuno zesakhiwo sothungelwano lwesikhumba sendalo; Ngelo xesha, umaleko womphezulu wesikhumba sokwenziwa ukwazile ukuphumeza umaleko micro-porous polyurethane, elilingana nomphezulu wenkozo yesikhumba sendalo, ukuze inkangeleko kunye nolwakhiwo lwangaphakathi lwe-PU yesikhumba eyenziweyo isondele ngokuthe ngcembe kwisikhumba sendalo, ezinye iipropathi ezibonakalayo zisondele kwisalathiso sesikhumba sendalo, kwaye umbala uqaqambe ngakumbi kunesikhumba sendalo; Ukumelana nokusonga kwiqondo lokushisa kufikelela ngaphezu kwe-1 yezigidi zamaxesha, kwaye ukuxhathisa ukugoqa kwiqondo lokushisa eliphantsi kunokufikelela kwinqanaba lesikhumba sendalo.
Ukuvela kwe-microfiber PU yesikhumba sokwenziwa sisizukulwana sesithathu sesikhumba sokwenziwa. Ilaphu elingalukwanga lothungelwano lwesakhiwo se-three-dimensional lidala iimeko zesikhumba sokwenziwa ukubamba kunye nesikhumba sendalo ngokwemiqathango ye-substrate. Le mveliso, idityaniswe ne-PU esanda kuphuhliswa yokufakwa kodaka kunye nesakhiwo seseli evulekileyo kunye netekhnoloji yokusetyenzwa yomaleko odibeneyo womphezulu, yenza indawo enkulu kunye nokufunxwa kwamanzi okuqinileyo kwe-microfiber, isenza i-Ultra-fine PU synthetic leather ibe neempawu zokufunxa ukufuma kwendalo yesikhumba sendalo ye-collagen-bundle evela kwi-microfiber yangaphakathi, i-fiber yangaphakathi. Okanye imbonakalo yokwakheka kunye neempawu zomzimba kunye nokunxiba kwabantu ukuthuthuzela, kunokuthelekiswa nesikhumba sendalo esiphakamileyo. Ukongeza, i-microfiber yesikhumba yokwenziwa idlula ithwathwa lendalo ekuxhathiseni imichiza, ukufana komgangatho, imveliso enkulu kunye nokuguquguquka, ukungangeni kwamanzi, ukuchasana nokukhunda kunye neminye imiba.
Ukuziqhelanisa kuye kwabonisa ukuba iimpawu ezibalaseleyo zesikhumba sokwenziwa azikwazi ukutshintshwa ngesikhumba sendalo, ukusuka kuhlalutyo lweemarike zasekhaya kunye nezangaphandle, i-synthetic yesikhumba nayo ithathe indawo enkulu yesikhumba sendalo kunye nezixhobo ezingonelanga. Ukusetyenziswa kwesikhumba sokwenziwa kunye nesikhumba sokwenziwa ukwenza iingxowa, iimpahla, izihlangu, izithuthi kunye nokuhombisa ifenitshala, kuye kwaqatshelwa ngokunyuka kweemarike, uluhlu lwayo olubanzi lwezicelo, inani leentlobo ezinkulu, ezininzi, zithwathwa zendalo zendalo azikwazi ukuhlangabezana.
Ixesha lokuposa: Mar-29-2024
